PREVALENCE OF MORTALITY IN SEVERE ACUTE RESPIRATORY SYNDROME CORONAVIRUS-2 WITH DIABETES MELLITUS

T ULLAH; J SHEHZAD; A AHMAD; AU REHMAN; MT ULLAH; A ULLAH; M ZEESHAN

doi:10.54112/bcsrj.v2024i1.688

Authors

T ULLAH Faculty of Rehabilitation and Allied Health Sciences Riphah International University Islamabad, Pakistan
J SHEHZAD Deparment of Molecular Biology and Genetics Khyber Medical University, Pakistan
A AHMAD Baqai Institute of Hematology, Baqai Medical University Karachi, Pakistan
AU REHMAN Faculty of Allied Health Science Abasyn University Peshawar, Pakistan
MT ULLAH Ahmad Medical Institute Peshawar, Pakistan
A ULLAH Khyber Medical University Peshawar, IHS Lakki Marwat, Pakistan
M ZEESHAN Department of Biochemistry University of Malakand, Pakistan

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.54112/bcsrj.v2024i1.688

Keywords:

COVID-19, Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2, Mortality, Prevalence, SARS-CoV-2

Abstract

The coexistence of Diabetes Mellitus (DM) and COVID-19 has garnered considerable attention due to the elevated prevalence of DM among COVID-19 patients. Understanding the impact of DM on the severity of COVID-19 infections is imperative for effective treatment, given the challenges it poses across various healthcare systems. This study aimed to assess the frequency of Type II Diabetes Mellitus among symptomatic COVID-19-positive individuals and calculate the mortality rate among those diagnosed with Type II Diabetes Mellitus contracting COVID-19. Utilizing a cross-sectional approach, 142 samples were randomly selected for analysis to determine the prevalence of Diabetes Mellitus among individuals diagnosed with COVID-19. The findings revealed that out of the 142 COVID-19-positive individuals tested via RT-PCR, 66.2% were diabetic, while 33.8% were non-diabetic. Among the entire sample, 31% of patients succumbed to the infection, while 69.0% achieved full recovery. Specifically, within the diabetic group, 81.8% experienced mortality, with 59.2% recovering fully, whereas among the non-diabetic group, 18.2% passed away, and 40.8% recovered fully. The highest mortality rate was observed among individuals aged 60-74, comprising 45.1% of the total population under observation. The study underscores the elevated mortality risk associated with COVID-19 among diabetic individuals, with a mortality rate of 25.35%, significantly higher than the 5.63% mortality rate observed among non-diabetic individuals. Notably, the vulnerability to COVID-19 and increased mortality rates were particularly pronounced among individuals aged 45-74, with a notable emphasis on the heightened risk among those aged 60-74. Furthermore, the study found no significant disparity in mortality rates between male and female patients. These findings shed light on the heightened susceptibility of diabetic individuals to severe outcomes of COVID-19 and underscore the importance of targeted interventions and preventive measures, especially among the elderly diabetic population.

Downloads

Download data is not yet available.

References

Booth, A., Reed, A. B., Ponzo, S., Yassaee, A., Aral, M., Plans, D., Labrique, A., and Mohan, D. (2021). Population risk factors for severe disease and mortality in COVID-19: A global systematic review and meta-analysis. PloS one 16, e0247461.

Davidson, A. M., Wysocki, J., and Batlle, D. (2020). Interaction of SARS-CoV-2 and other coronavirus with ACE (angiotensin-converting enzyme)-2 as their main receptor: therapeutic implications. Hypertension 76, 1339-1349.

Farshbafnadi, M., Zonouzi, S. K., Sabahi, M., Dolatshahi, M., and Aarabi, M. H. (2021). Aging & COVID-19 susceptibility, disease severity, and clinical outcomes: The role of entangled risk factors. Experimental gerontology 154, 111507.

Ioannidis, J. P., Axfors, C., and Contopoulos-Ioannidis, D. G. (2020). Population-level COVID-19 mortality risk for non-elderly individuals overall and for non-elderly individuals without underlying diseases in pandemic epicenters. Environmental research 188, 109890.

Laires, P. A., Dias, S., Gama, A., Moniz, M., Pedro, A. R., Soares, P., Aguiar, P., and Nunes, C. (2021). The association between chronic disease and serious COVID-19 outcomes and its influence on risk perception: survey study and database analysis. JMIR public health and surveillance 7, e22794.

Landstra, C. P., and de Koning, E. J. (2021). COVID-19 and diabetes: understanding the interrelationship and risks for a severe course. Frontiers in endocrinology 12, 649525.

Malik, Y. A. (2020). Properties of coronavirus and SARS-CoV-2. The Malaysian journal of pathology 42, 3-11.

McElvaney, O. J., McEvoy, N. L., McElvaney, O. F., Carroll, T. P., Murphy, M. P., Dunlea, D. M., Ní Choileáin, O., Clarke, J., O’Connor, E., and Hogan, G. (2020). Characterization of the inflammatory response to severe COVID-19 illness. American journal of respiratory and critical care medicine 202, 812-821.

Mohan, B., and Nambiar, V. (2020). COVID-19: an insight into SARS-CoV-2 pandemic originated at Wuhan City in Hubei Province of China. J Infect Dis Epidemiol 6, 146.

Navaratnam, A. V., Gray, W. K., Day, J., Wendon, J., and Briggs, T. W. (2021). Patient factors and temporal trends associated with COVID-19 in-hospital mortality in England: an observational study using administrative data. The Lancet Respiratory Medicine 9, 397-406.

Ortega, E., Corcoy, R., Gratacòs, M., Claramunt, F. X. C., Mata-Cases, M., Puig-Treserra, R., Real, J., Vlacho, B., Castelblanco, E., and Domingo, P. (2021). Risk factors for severe outcomes in people with diabetes hospitalised for COVID-19: a cross-sectional database study. BMJ open 11, e051237.

Rastogi, M., Pandey, N., Shukla, A., and Singh, S. K. (2020). SARS coronavirus 2: from genome to infectome. Respiratory research 21, 1-15.

Rath, S., Perikala, V., Jena, A. B., and Dandapat, J. (2021). Factors regulating dynamics of angiotensin-converting enzyme-2 (ACE2), the gateway of SARS-CoV-2: Epigenetic modifications and therapeutic interventions by epidrugs. Biomedicine & Pharmacotherapy 143, 112095.

Singh, D., and Yi, S. V. (2021). On the origin and evolution of SARS-CoV-2. Experimental & Molecular Medicine 53, 537-547.

Wu, J., Zhang, J., Sun, X., Wang, L., Xu, Y., Zhang, Y., Liu, X., and Dong, C. (2020). Influence of diabetes mellitus on the severity and fatality of SARS‐CoV‐2 (COVID‐19) infection. Diabetes, Obesity and Metabolism 22, 1907-1914.

Zanke, A. A., Thenge, R. R., and Adhao, V. S. (2020). COVID-19: A pandemic declare by world health organization. IP International Journal of Comprehensive and Advanced Pharmacology 5, 49-57.

Zhu, Z., Lian, X., Su, X., Wu, W., Marraro, G. A., and Zeng, Y. (2020). From SARS and MERS to COVID-19: a brief summary and comparison of severe acute respiratory infections caused by three highly pathogenic human coronaviruses. Respiratory research 21, 1-14.