EVALUATION OF SALT AND HEAVY METAL STRESS FOR SEEDLING TRAITS IN WHEAT

Authors

  • S Asif Institute of Molecular Biology & Biotechnology, University of Lahore, Lahore, Pakistan
  • Q Ali Institute of Biotechnology and Molecular Biology, The University of Lahore, Lahore
  • A Malik Institute of Molecular Biology & Biotechnology, University of Lahore, Lahore, Pakistan

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.54112/bcsrj.v2020i1.5

Keywords:

Triticum aestivum, salinity, heavy metals, germplasm, root length, shoot length

Abstract

Wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) is an important cereal crop of the world. It is one of the staple foods for major portion of world population. There are various biotic and abiotic factors responsible for low production of wheat in our country. Among these factors, soil salinity is major problem playing an important role in soil degradation, thus consequently reducing wheat production and quality. This study was conducted to evaluate the effect of various salinity and heavy metal levels against three wheat cultivars fir salinity resistance. Three different varieties of wheat were screened against the salinity under controlled conditions in the laboratory of tissue culture, University of Lahore. Seeds of three wheat varieties (Anaj-2006, Faisalabad-2008 and Inqalab-91) were sown in seedling trays. NaCl and CuSO4 were applied as salinity and heavy metal treatment upon wheat cultivars. In order to evaluate, hazardous effects of salinity and heavy metal on wheat certain growth parameters were observed i.e. leaf length and width, leaf area, stem and root length, fresh and dry weight of leaf, stem and root, root shoot length ratio and photometry of leaf, stem and root was measured. Results depicts salinity and heavy metal application has negative correlation with growth parameters of wheat particularly combine application of NaCl and CuSo4 have led to impose major detrimental effects on wheat cultivars. Regarding varietal comparison, “Anaj-2006” proved to be comparatively better in context of less salt’s residual accumulation in leaf, stem and roots along with lower root to shoot length ratio thus exhibiting a strong genetic potential to keep surviving and maintain healthy growth. However, it was concluded that salinity and heavy metal have adversely affected growth and yield potential of “Faisalabad-2008”. So conclusively, there is dare need to screen out indigenous and exotic wheat germplasm available throughout the country for finding some suitable genetic resources having moderate to high resistance levels against salinity and heavy metal which can be further used for breeding purpose in varietal improvement program.

Downloads

Download data is not yet available.

References

Acosta-Motos, JR, Álvarez S, Barba-Espín G, Hernández JA, Sánchez-Blanco MJ. (2014). Salts and nutrients present in regenerated waters induce changes in water relations, antioxidative metabolism, ion accumulation and restricted ion uptake in Myrtus communis L. plants. Plant. Physiol. Biochem, 85: 41-50.

Akram M.S., Athar H.R., Ashraf .M. (2007). Improving growth and yield of sunflower (Helianthus annuus L.) by foliar application of potassium hydroxide (KOH) under salt stress. Pak. J. Bot. 39, 2223-2230.

Awada, S., W. F., Campbell, L. M., Dudley, J.J., Jurinak, and M. A. Khan. (1995). Interactive effects of sodium chloride, sodium sulfate, calcium sulfate, and calcium chloride on snapbean growth, photosynthesis, and ion uptake. J. Plant Nutr. 18, 889-900.

Bajracharya, R., S. D. Dahal, B. Mani and R. Nani. (2014). Soil Management for Sustainable Agricultural Intensification in the Himalayan Region. 10.1201/b17747-7.

Cassaniti, C., Romano, D., Flowers, T.J. (2012). The response of ornamental plants to saline irrigation water. In Irrigation Water Management, Pollution and Alternative Strategies; Garcia Garizabal, I., Ed.; InTech Europe: Rijeka, Croatia, 132–158

FAO. (2005). Framework for soil reclamation and restart of cultivation, Aceh Indonesia 2, 1- 16.

Flowers, T.J. and M.A. Hajibagheri. (2001). Salinity tolerance in Hordeum vulgare: ion concentrations in root cells of cultivars differing in salt tolerance. Plant and Soil, 23, 1-9.

Li X, An P, Inanaga S, Eneji AE, Tanabe K (2006). Salinity and defoliation effects on soybean growth. J. Plant Nutr. 29, 1499-1508

Mazher, A.M., Fatma El-Quesni, E.M., Farahat, M.M. (2007). Responses of ornamental plants and woody trees to salinity. World J. Agric. Sci. 3, 386–395

Munns, R. (1992). A leaf elongation assay detects an unknown growth inhibitor in xylem sap from wheat and barley. Aust. J. Plant Physiol. 19, 127–135

Munns, R. (2002). Comparative physiology of salt and water stress. Plant Cell Environ., 25, 239-250.

Munns, R. (2005). Genes and salt tolerance: bringing them together. New Phyt., 167, 645-663.

Munns, R. and A. Termaat. (1986). Whole plant response to salinity. Aust. J. Plant Physiol. 13, 143–160.

Munns, R. and Tester, M. (2008). Mechanisms of salinity tolerance. Ann. Rev. Plant Biol. 59, 651–681.

Pessarakli, M., J.T. Huber. (1991). Biomass production and protein synthesis by alfalfa under salt stress. J. Plant Nutr., 14 (3), 283-293.

Raza, S.H., H.R., Athar, and M. Ashraf. (2006). Influence of exogenously applied glycinebetaine on the photosynthetic capacity of two differently adapted wheat cultivars under salt stress. Pak. J. Bot. 38 (2), 341-351.

Rodríguez, P.; Torrecillas, A.; Morales, M.A.; Ortuño, M.F.; Sánchez-Blanco, M.J. Effects of NaCl salinity and water stress on growth and leaf water relations of Asteriscus maritimus plants. Environ. Exp. Bot. (2005), 53, 113–123

Ruiz-Sánchez, M.C., Domingo, R., Torrecillas, A., Pérez-Pastor, A. Water stress preconditioning to improve drought resistance in young apricot plants. Plant Sci. (2000), 156, 245–251.

Savé, R.; Olivella, C.; Biel, C.; Adillón, J.; Rabella, R. (1994). Seasonal patterns of water relationships, photosynthetic pigments and morphology of Actinidia deliciosa plants of the Haywards and Tomouri cultivars. Agronomie. 2, 121–126.

Szabolcs, I. (1989). Salt affected Soils. CRC Press, Inc. Boca Raton, Florida, USA.

Steel RGD, Torrie JH, Dickey DA (1997). Principles and Procedures of Statistics: A biometrical approach (3rd ed.). McGraw Hill Inc. New York, USA.

and ionic distribution response of three bambara groundnut (Vigna subterranea (L.) Verdc.) landraces grown under saline conditions. International Journal of Botany. 6(1), 53-8.

Tuncturk M, Tunçtürk R, Yaar F (2008). Changes in micronutrients, dry weight and plant growth of soybean (Glycine max L. Merrill) cultivars under salt stres. Afr. J. Biotechnol. 7(11), 1650-1654.

Tang, X., X. Mu, H. Shao, H. Wang and M. Brestic. (2015). Global plant-responding mechanisms to salt stress: Physiological and molecular levels and implications in biotechnology. Crit. Rev. Biotechnol. 35, 425–437

Wagenet, R.J., R. R., Rodriguez, W. F., Campbell, and D. L., Turner.(1983). Fertilizer and salty water effects on Phaseolus. Agron. J. 75, 161-166.

Zhang L, Ma H, Chen T, Pen J, Yu S, et al. (2014) Morphological and Physiological Responses of Cotton (Gossypium hirsutum L.) Plants to Salinity. PLoSONE 9(11): e112807.

Steudle, E. (2000). Water uptake by roots: Effects of water deficit. J. Exp. Bot., 51, 1531–1542.

Downloads

Published

2020-12-12

How to Cite

Asif, S., Ali, Q., & Malik, A. (2020). EVALUATION OF SALT AND HEAVY METAL STRESS FOR SEEDLING TRAITS IN WHEAT. Biological and Clinical Sciences Research Journal, 2020(1). https://doi.org/10.54112/bcsrj.v2020i1.5

Issue

Section

Original Research Articles

Most read articles by the same author(s)

<< < 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 > >>