INNOVATIVE UTILIZATION OF SOIL AMENDMENTS FOR IMPROVING RESISTANCE IN OKRA AGAINST MELOIDOGYNE INCOGNITA

U QAMAR; MA ALI; M ABDULLAH; MT ABDULLAH; MM IQBAL; T NAZ; S NAWAZ; H ZAFAR; Q NAZIR; MI LATIF; HAB AMIN; MA AAS; K SHAHZAD; HM RAFIQUE; SU REHMAN; MA KHALID; Z ASLAM; M ALI; N MUHAMMAD; A HAMEED

doi:10.54112/bcsrj.v2024i1.1398

Authors

U QAMAR Department of Plant Pathology, University of Agriculture Faisalabad, Pakistan
MA ALI Department of Plant Pathology, University of Agriculture Faisalabad, Pakistan
M ABDULLAH Soil Chemistry Section, Ayub Agricultural Research Institute Faisalabad, Pakistan
MT ABDULLAH King Edward Medical University Lahore, Pakistan
MM IQBAL Department of Soil and Environmental Sciences, College of Agriculture University of Sargodha, Pakistan
T NAZ Institute of Soil and Environmental Sciences, University of Agriculture Faisalabad, Pakistan
S NAWAZ Centre of Agricultural Biochemistry and Biotechnology, University of Agriculture Faisalabad, Pakistan
H ZAFAR Soil and Water Testing Laboratory for Research AARI Faisalabad, Pakistan
Q NAZIR Soil Chemistry Section, Ayub Agricultural Research Institute Faisalabad, Pakistan
MI LATIF Provincial Reference Fertilizer Testing Laboratory Raiwind Lahore, Pakistan
HAB AMIN Institute of Soil and Environmental Sciences, University of Agriculture Faisalabad, Pakistan
MA AAS Soil and Water Testing Laboratory, Kasur Pakistan
K SHAHZAD Soil and Water Testing Laboratory for Research Gujranwala, Pakistan
HM RAFIQUE 11Soil and Water Testing Laboratory for Research, Bahawalpur, Pakistan
SU REHMAN 11Soil and Water Testing Laboratory for Research, Bahawalpur, Pakistan
MA KHALID Agricultural Biotechnology Research Institute Faisalabad, Pakistan
Z ASLAM Soil and Water Testing Laboratory for Research Lahore, Pakistan
M ALI Department of Climate Change, Muhammad Nawaz Shareef University of Agriculture Multan, Pakistan
N MUHAMMAD Central Cotton Research Institute Multan, Pakistan
A HAMEED Mango Research Institute Multan Pakistan

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.54112/bcsrj.v2024i1.1398

Keywords:

: Root-knot nematode, Abelmoschus esculentus, Confrontation, Farmyard manure, Poultry manure, Rock phosphate, Biochar.

Abstract

Okra productivity is significantly hindered by various pests and pathogens, including bacteria, fungi, and nematodes, particularly Meloidogyne incognita, which poses a severe threat to plant growth and yield. This study aimed to evaluate the efficacy of different organic and inorganic soil amendments—poultry manure (PM), farmyard manure (FYM), biochar, and rock phosphate (RP)—in managing Meloidogyne incognita in okra cultivation. A completely randomised design (CRD) with factorial arrangements and three replications was used to test two concentrations of each amendment: FYM (5%, 10%), biochar (0.5%, 1%), RP (2.5%, 5%), and PM (5%, 10%). Soil treatments were analysed for their effects on key growth parameters, including root weight, shoot weight, shoot dry weight, root length, plant height, number of leaves, and chlorophyll content. The findings revealed that FYM at 5% significantly enhanced root weight, shoot weight, and shoot dry weight (p ≤ 0.05). PM at 5% showed the greatest impact on root length, while FYM at 10% resulted in the highest plant height. Additionally, FYM at 5% contributed to the maximum number of leaves and chlorophyll content. Farmyard manure demonstrated superior performance compared to poultry manure, biochar, and rock phosphate in improving growth parameters and mitigating the effects of Meloidogyne incognita in okra cultivation. FYM at 5% and 10% concentrations proved to be the most effective treatments, suggesting its potential as a sustainable management strategy for nematode infestations in okra.

Downloads

Download data is not yet available.

References

Abad, P., Gouzy, J. & Aury, J.M. et al. (2008). Genome sequence of the metazoan plant-parasitic nematode Meloidogyne incognita. Nature Biotechnology, 26:909–915.

Abdel-Bary, N.A., Hendy, H.H., Shoub, A.H., Yassin, M.Y. & Abdel-Razek, G.M. (2014). Evaluation of compost and compost tea as promising method for Meloidogyne incognita management. Egyptian Journal of Agronematology, 13: 50-66.

Adetiloye, P.O., Okeleye K.A. & Olatunde, G.O. (2006). Principles and practice of crop production. BIIM (NIG) Ltd., PP. 77-80.

Agyarko, K., Kwakye, P.K., Bonsu, M., Osei, B.A., & Fripong, K.A. (2006). Effects of organic soil amendments on root-knot nematodes, soil nutrients and growth of carrot. Journal of Agronomy, 5: 641-646.

Akhtar, M. & Malik, A. (2000). Roles of organic soil amendments and soil organisms in the biological control of plant-parasitic nematodes: A review. Bioresource Technology, 74: 35-47.

Ali, M.A., Azeem, F., Abbas, A., Joiya, F.A., Li, H., Dababat, A.A. (2017). Transgenic strategies for enhancement of nematode resistance in plants. Frontiers in Plant Sciences, 8:750.

Antonino de Souza Junior, J.D. (2017). Application of nuclear volume measurements to comprehend the cell cycle in root-knot nematode-induced giant cells. Frontiers in Plant Sciences, 8: 961.

Brand, D., Soccol, C., Sabu, A. & Roussos. S. (2010). Production of fungal biological control agents through solid state fermentation: A case study on Paecilomyces lilacinus against root-knot nematodes. Micologia Aplicada International, 22: 31-48.

Carneiro, R.G. (2002). Uptake and translocation of nitrogen, phosphorus and calcium in soybean infected with Meloidogyne incognita and M. javanica. Fitopatologia Brasileira, 27: 141–150.

Collange, B. Navarrete, M., Peyre, G., Mateille T. & Tchamitchian, M. (2011). Root-knot nematode management in vegetable crop production: The challenge of an agronomic system analysis. Crop Protection, 30: 1251-1262.

D’Addabbo, T., Migunova, V.D., Renčo, M. & Sasanelli, N. (2020). Suppressiveness of soil amendments with pelleted plant materials on the root-knot nematode Meloidogyne incognita. Helminthologia, .57(4):376-383.

Davey, C.B. (1996). Nursery soil management organic amendments. In: Landis, T.D. Douth, D.B. Tech. Coordinators, National Proceedings, Forest and Conservation Nursery Associations. General Technical Report Pnwgtr-389: USDA Forest Service Pnwrs, pp. 6 -18.

Faruk I. (2019). Efficacy of organic soil amendments and a nematicide for management of root-knot nematode Meloidogyne Spp. of Onion. American Journal of Bioscience and Bioengineering, 7(4):57-64.

Gomes, E.H., Soares, F.E.F., Souza, D.C., Lima, L.T., Sufiate, B.L., Ferreira, T.F., Queiroz J.H. (2018). Role of Synadenium grantii latex proteases in nematicidal activity on Meloidogyne incognita and Panagrellus redivivus. Brazilian Journal of Biology, Revista Brasileira de Biologia, 79(4): 665-668.

Ismail, A. & Mohamed, M. (2012). Nematicidal potentiality of some animal manures combined with urea against Meloidogyne arenaria and growth and productivity of sugar beet under field conditions. Pakistan Journal of Nematology, 30: 57-65.

Kayani, M.Z., Mukhtar T. & Hussain, M.A. (2012a). Association of root-knot nematodes Meloidogyne spp. with cucumber in the Pothowar region of the Punjab province of Pakistan. International Journal of Biology and Biotechnology, 9: 23-29.

Kayani, M.Z., Mukhtar, T., Hussain, M.A. & Ul-Haque, M.I. (2013). Infestation assessment of root-knot nematodes Meloidogyne spp. associated with cucumber in the Pothowar region of Pakistan. Crop Protection, 47: 49-54.

Kayani, M.Z., Mukhtar, T., Hussain, M.A., Haque, M.I. & Perveen, R. (2012b). Incidence and severity of root-knot nematodes Meloidogyne spp.on cucumber in district Rawalpindi. Pakistan Journal of Phytopathology, 24: 122-128.

Kibria, M.G., Hossain, N., Ahammad, M.J. & Osman, K.T. (2013). Effects of poultry manure, kitchen waste compost and NPK fertilizer on growth and yield of Ladies Finger. IOSR Journal of Environmental Science, Toxicology and Food Technology (IOSR-JESTFT), 2 (6): 55-60.

Lazarovits, G., Tenuta, M., & Conn. K.L. (2001). Organic amendments as a disease control strategy for soil borne diseases of high-value agricultural crops. Australasian Plant Pathology, 30: 111–117.

Linford, M.B., Yap, F., & Oliviera, J.M. (1938). Reduction of soil populations of root-knot nematode during decomposition of organic matter. Soil Science, 45: 127-141.

Lu, P. (2014). Physiological effects of Meloidogyne incognita Infection on cotton genotypes with differing levels of resistance in the greenhouse. Journal of Nematology, 46(4):352–359.

Mihretu, Y., Weyessa, G., & Adugna, D. (2014). Variability and association of quantitative characters among okra (Abelmoschus esculentus (L.) Moench) collection in south western Ethiopia. Journal of Biological Sciences 14(5): 336-342.

Mukhtar, T., I. Arshad, M. Kayani, Z., Hussain, M. A., Kayani, S. B., Rahoo, A. M. and Ashfaq, M. (2013). Estimation of damage to okra (Abelmoschus esculentus) by root-knot disease incited by Meloidogyne incognita. Pakistan Journal of Botany, 45: 1023-1027.

Nicol, J.M., Turner, S.J., Coyne, D.L., Nijs, L, S. den Hockland, & Maafi, Z.T. (2011) Current nematode threats to world agriculture, In: Jones, J., Gheysen, G. & Fenoll, C. (eds.), Genomics and Molecular Genetics of Plant-Nematode Interactions, Heidelberg, Germany: Springer, pp. 21–43.

Ntalli, N., Adamski, Z., Doula, M. & Monokrousos, N. (2020). Nematicidal amendments and soil remediation. Plants (Basel). 1:9(4):429.

Nwanguma, E.I. & Fawole, B. (2004). Efficacy of organic soil amendments on the population of M. incognita on okra in South Western Nigeria. Nigerian Journal of Horticultural Sciences, 9(1): 89–95.

Oka, Y. (2010). Mechanisms of nematode suppression by organic soil amendments: A review. Applied Soil Ecology, 44: 101-115.

Renco, M. (2013). Organic amendments of soil as useful tools of plant parasitic nematodes control. Helminthologia, 50: 3-14.

Renco, M. & Kovácik, P. (2012). Response of plant-parasitic and free living soil [DOR nematodes to composted animal manure soil amendments. Journal of Nematology, 44: 329– 336.

Riegel, C. & Noe. J.P. (2000). Chicken litter soil amendment effects on soil borne microbes and Meloidogyne incognita on cotton. Plant Disease, 84: 1275–1281.

Santos, I.F., Santos, A.M.P., Barbosa, U.A. & Lima. J.S. (2013). Multivariate analysis of the mineral content of raw and cooked okra (Abelmoschus esculentus L.). Microchemical Journal, 110: 439–443.

Shukla, N. (2018). Transcriptome analysis of root-knot nematode (Meloidogyne incognita)-infected tomato (Solanum lycopersicum) roots reveal complex gene expression profiles and metabolic networks of both host and nematode during susceptible and resistance responses. Molecular Plant Pathology, 19(3):615–633.

Sidhu, H.S. & Kanwar, R.S. (2020). Integration of some organic amendments and the predatory nematode, Fictor composticola, for the management of Meloidogyne incognita in cucumber. Egyptian Journal of Biological Pest Control, 30: 146.

Steel, R.G.D., Torrie, J.H. & Dickey, D.A. (1997). Principles and procedures of statistics: A biometrical approach, pp: 352-358, 3rd edition, McGraw Hill book Co. Inc., New York, USA.

Subrahmanvam, G.V. Sushma, M., Alekya, A., Neeraja, C., Harsha, H.S. & Ravindra, J. (2011). Anitdiaetic activity of Abelmoschus esculentus fruit extract. International Journal of Research in Pharmacy and Chemistry, 1 (1): 17-20.

Thoden, T.C. Korthals, G.W. & Termorshuizen, A.J. (2011). Organic Amendments and their influences on plant parasitic and free-living nematodes: A promising method for nematode management. Journal of Nematology, 13: 133–153.

Trudgill, D.L. & Blok, V.C. (2001). Apomictic, polyphagous root-knot nematodes: exceptionally successful and damaging biotrophic root pathogens. Annual Review of Phytopathology, 39:53–77.