ESTIMATION OF GENETIC DIVERSITY IN MAIZE INBRED LINES FOR KEY AGRO-PHONOLOGICAL AND MORPHOLOGICAL TRAITS

N KAMAL; F SHOUKAT; R SULTAN; S SALEEM; S KHANUM; ZU REHMAN; S SALEEM; MF AHMED; MN SAJID; N AKHTAR; S TABASUM; A GHANI; I IBRAR; M SHOAIB; S HUSSAIN; MA HUSSAIN

doi:10.54112/bcsrj.v2024i1.1259

Authors

N KAMAL Wheat Research Sub-Station, Murree, Pakistan.
F SHOUKAT Certus Seed, Evyol Group, Pakistan
R SULTAN Maize Breeding Research Sub-Station, Murree, Pakistan
S SALEEM Oilseeds Research Station, Khanpur, Ayub Agricultural Research Institute, Faisalabad, Pakistan.
S KHANUM Millets Research Station, Rawalpindi, Pakistan
ZU REHMAN Maize and Millets Research Institute, Yusafwala-Sahiwal, Pakistan
S SALEEM Potato Research Station, Sahowali, Sialkot, Pakistan
MF AHMED Barani Agricultural Research Institute, Chakwal, Pakistan
MN SAJID Potato Research Station, Sahowali, Sialkot, Pakistan
N AKHTAR Department of Plant Breeding and Genetics, University College of Agriculture, University of Sargodha.
S TABASUM Department of Plant Breeding and Genetics, University College of Agriculture, University of Sargodha.
A GHANI Maize and Millets Research Institute, Yusafwala-Sahiwal, Pakistan
I IBRAR Maize and Millets Research Institute, Yusafwala-Sahiwal, Pakistan
M SHOAIB Agronomic Research Institute, Faisalabad, Pakistan
S HUSSAIN Regional Agricultural Research Institute, Bahawalpur, , Pakistan
MA HUSSAIN National Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Improvement Huazhong Agricultural University Wuhan, China

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.54112/bcsrj.v2024i1.1259

Keywords:

Principal component analysis, Biplot analysis, Genetic diversity, Climate change

Abstract

Assessment of genetic diversity in cultivated as well as wild germplasm is the prerequisite for improving any crop through breeding and hybridization. The current experimental study was conducted at Maize Research Sub-Station, Charra Pani, Murree, Punjab, Pakistan during the crop season 2023-24 to evaluate the elite maize inbred lines for their genetic variation for key agro-phonological and grain yield associated traits including days to tessling, days to silking, plant height, cob height, cob length, number of grains per row, number of rows per cob, cob girth and grain yield. The experiment was laid out under randomized complete block design with two replications where row-to-row distance was maintained at 75 cm and plant-to-plant distance was maintained at 20 cm. The data was collected for the above given traits which were then subjected to statistical analysis. The results from the analysis of variance revealed that significant genetic variability was present among study key plant traits in maize inbred lines. Furthermore, correlation coefficient analysis was carried out to compute the magnitude and direction of association between different plant traits within and with grain yield. The results unveiled that grain yield had a positive and significant correlation with plant height (r = 0.4966*), number of grains per row (r = 0.5615*) and cob girth (r = 0.5386*) in studied maize inbred lines. To evaluate the variability present among maize inbred lines, principal component analysis (PCA) along with PC1/PC2 biplot was used which categorized these twenty-eight maize inbred lines into nine principal components (PCs). As revealed in PCA, plant height, cob height, cob length, number of grains per row, cob girth and grain yield were the major contributing traits to genetic variability present in the data along with twelve maize inbred lines i.e., YBH-1-1, YBH-1-2, YBH-1-5, YBH-1-6, YBH-1-8, YBH-1-9, YBH-1-10, YBH-2-11, YBH-2-16, YBH-2-17, YBH-3-27 and YBH-3-28.

Downloads

Download data is not yet available.

References

Tiwari, Y. K., and S.K. Yadav. 2019. High temperature stress tolerance in maize (Zea mays L.): Physiological and molecular mechanisms. Journal of Plant Biology, 62: 93-102.

Murdia, L. K., R., Wadhwani, N., Wadhawan, P., Bajpai, and S. Shekhawat. 2016. Maize utilization in India: an overview. American Journal of Food and Nutrition, 4(6): 169-176.

Nuss, E. T., and S.A. Tanumihardjo. 2010. Maize: a paramount staple crop in the context of global nutrition. Comprehensive reviews in food science and food safety, 9(4): 417-436.

Tanumihardjo, S. A., L., McCulley, R., Roh, S., Lopez-Ridaura, N., Palacios-Rojas, and N. S. Gunaratna. 2020. Maize agro-food systems to ensure food and nutrition security in reference to the Sustainable Development Goals. Global Food Security, 25: 100327.

Amanjyoti, J., Singh, D., Sowdhanya, P., Rasane, J., Singh, S., Ercisli, ... and R. Ullah. 2024. Maize. In Cereals and Nutraceuticals (pp. 47-80). Singapore: Springer Nature Singapore.

Yin, Z., J., Hu, J., Zhang, X., Zhou, L., Li, and J., Wu. 2024. Temporal and spatial evolution of global major grain trade patterns. Journal of Integrative Agriculture, 23(3): 1075-1086.

USDA. 2024. United State Department of Agriculture, World Agricultural Production. United States Department of Agriculture, Circular series, WAP 10‒24. https://apps.fas.usda.gov/psdonline/circulars/production.pdf

Sneath, P. H. A. and R. R. Sokal. 1973. Numerical Taxonomy: The Principles and practice of numerical classification. Free-Man WF and Co, San Francisco, USA.

Steel, R. G. D., J. H. Torrie and D. A. Dickey. 1997. Principles and Procedures of Statistics: A Biometrical Approach', 3rd Ed. McGraw Hill Book Co., New York.

Yousaf, M.I., M. W. Riaz, A. Aamer, S. Jamil, R. Shehzad, S. Kanwal, A. Ghani, F. Ali, M. Abdullah, M. Ashfaq and Q. Hussain. 2023. Responses of maize hybrids to water stress conditions at different developmental stages: Status of Reactive Oxygen Species, accumulation of Antioxidant and degradation in Kernel Quality traits. PeerJ 11: e14983. https://doi.org/10.7717/peerj.14983

Yousaf, M.I., K. Hussain, S. Hussain, A. Ghani, A. Shehzad, N. Akhtar, A. Mumtaz, M. Shoaib, A. Mehboob, G. Murtaza. 2021a. Yield stability studies in indigenous and exotic maize hybrids under genotype by environment interaction. Pak. J. Bot. 53 (3): 1-8 http://dx.doi.org/10.30848/PJB2021-3(41)

Rafiq, M., N. Umer, S. Kanwal, S. Sattar, M.N. Aslam, A. Ghani, I. Ibrar, G. Murtaza, S. Jamil, R. Shahzad, M. Abbas, N. Parveen, S.H. Bukhari, T. Fatima, M.H. Sajjad, S. Noureen, A. Mehmood, S. Hussain and M.I. Yousaf. 2024. Impact of Water Stress Conditions on Association of Agro-Morphological, Physio-Chemical and Kernel Quality-Related Traits in Maize Hybrids. Biological and Clinical Sciences Research Journal 1(907): 1-8.

Ghani, A., M.I. Yousaf, K. Hussain, S. Hussain, A. Razaq, N. Akhtar, I. Ibrar, N. Kamal, B. Ali, A.M. Khan, S.W.H. Shah, S. Khanum and R.M. Hassan. 2023. Relationship Between High-Temperature Stress and Key Physio-Chemical, Reactive Oxygen Species and Antioxidants in Spring Maize Hybrids Under Semi-Arid Conditions. Biological and Clinical Sciences Research Journal 199: 1-10

Hussain, S., A. Ghani, M. Khalid, S.F. Nayab, I.U. Hassan, A. Sattar, S. Kausar, M. Saleem, M. Asif, F. Akram, M. Imran M, R. Ullah, M.I. Sarwar, N. Kamal, M.A. Khan, M.H. Sajjad and M.I. Yousaf. 2024. Morphometric, Physiological and Biochemical Characterization of Local and Exotic Maize Hybrid under Heat and Water-Stress Stress Conditions at Post-Anthesis Stage. Biological and Clinical Sciences Research Journal 1(548): 1-12

Rahman, S.U., M.I. Yousaf, M. Hussain, K. Hussain, S. Hussain, M.H. Bhatti, D. Hussain, A. Ghani, A. Razaq, M. Akram, I. Ibrar. 2022. Evaluation of local and multinational maize hybrids for tolerance against high temperature using stress tolerance indices. Pakistan Journal of Agricultural Research 35(1):36–46

Yousaf, M.I., M.W. Riaz, Y. Jiang, M. Yasir M, M.Z. Aslam, S. Hussain, S.A. Sajid Shah, A. Shehzad, G. Riasat, M.A. Manzoor and I. Akhtar. 2022. Concurrent Effects of Drought and Heat Stresses on Physio Chemical Attributes, Antioxidant Status and Kernel Quality Traits in Maize (Zea mays L.) Hybrids. Front. Plant Sci. 13:898823. doi: 10.3389/fpls.2022.898823

Yousaf, M.I., M.H. Bhatti, M.A. Maqbool, A. Ghani, A. Shehzad, M. Akram, I. Ibrar, A. Khan, R.A.H. Khan, S. A. Kohli, M. A. Siddiq, and M.U. Khalid. 2021. Heat stress-induced responses in local and multinational maize hybrids for morpho-physiological and kernel quality traits. Pak. J. Agri. Sci., Vol.58(5): 1511-1521 http://10.0.82.170/PAKJAS/21.424

Yousaf, M.I., K. Hussain, S. Hussain, A. Ghani, A. Shehzad, A. Mumtaz, M. Arshad, A. Mehmood, M. U. Khalid, N. Akhtar, and M. H. Bhatti. 2020. Seasonal influence, heat unit accumulation, and heat use efficiency in relation to maize grain yield in Pakistan. Maydica 64(3): 1-9

Ghani, A., M.I. Yousaf, M. Arshad, K. Hussain, S. Hussain, D. Hussain, A. Hussain and A. Shehzad. 2020. YH-5427: A highly productive, heat tolerant, stalk rot and lodging resistance, yellow maize hybrid of Punjab, Pakistan. International Journal of Biology and Biotechnology 17: 561–570.

Khalid, M. U., Akhtar, N., Arshad, M., and Yousaf, M.I. 2020. Characterization of maize inbred lines for grain yield and related traits under heat stress conditions. International Journal of Biology and Biotechnology, 17(2), 367-375.

Rafique, M., A. Shahzad, A. R. Mallhi, M. Abbas, K. M. Mughal and M. I. Yousaf. 2020. Assessment of Heritability, Correlation and Path Coefficient Analysis for Yield Associated Traits in Newly Synthesized Corn (Zea Mays L.) Hybrids. Journal of Agricultural Research 58(4): 233-237

Shehzad, A., M.I., Yousaf, A., Ghani, K., Hussain, S., Hussain and M. Arshad. 2019. Genetic analysis and combining ability studies for morpho-phenological and grain yield traits in spring maize (Zea mays L.). International Journal of Biology and Biotechnology 16(4), 925-931.

Ghani, A., M. I. Yousaf, M. Arshad, K. Hussain, S. Hussain, M. T. Mukhtar, A. Hussain and S. U. Rehman. 2017. YH-1898: A New High Yielding, High-Temperature Tolerant Local Yellow Maize (Zea Mays L) Hybrid. International Journal of Biology and Biotechnology 14 (3): 441-449

Yousaf, M. I., K. Hussain, S. Hussain, A. Ghani, R. Shahzad, A. Mumtaz, T. Mukhtar, M. Arshad. 2018.Characterization of Indigenous and Exotic Maize Hybrids for Grain Yield and Quality Traits Under Heat Stress. Int. J. Agric. Biol. 20 (2): 333-337 http://10.0.70.37/IJAB/15.0493

Mumtaz, A., D. Hussain, M. Saeed, M. Arshad, M. I. Yousaf. 2019. Stability and Adaptability of Sorghum Hybrids Elucidated with Genotype–Environment Interaction Biplots. Turk. J. Field Crops 24(1): 155-163http://10.0.68.149/tjfc.631130

Mumtaz, A., D. Hussain, M. Saeed, M. Arshad and M. I. Yousaf. 2018. Estimation of genetic diversity in native sorghum genotypes. J. Natn.Sci. Foundation Sri Lanka 2018 46 (3): 271 – 280.http://doi.org/10.4038/jnsfsr.v46i3.8479.

Saeed, M., A. Mumtaz, D. Hussain, M. Arshad, M. I. Yousaf, M. H. Bhatti, A. Mahboob, J. Iqbal and M. U. Khalid. 2021. Assessment of the Genetic Diversity of Maize Genotypes under Heat Stress. International Journal on Emerging Technologies 12(1): 270-283

Saeed, M., A., Mumtaz, D., Hussain, M., Arshad, M. I., Yousaf and M. S. Ahmad. 2018. Multivariate analysis-based evaluation of maize genotypes under high-temperature stress. I3 Biodiversity, 1.