PRECISION APPROACHES IN STROKE MANAGEMENT, RECENT ADVANCES, CHALLENGES, AND INNOVATIONS IN ACUTE AND SECONDARY PREVENTION STRATEGIES

A HAYAT; A TARIQ; A RANI; N IQBAL

doi:10.54112/bcsrj.v2024i1.871

Authors

A HAYAT Department of Neurology, Services Hospital Lahore, Pakistan
A TARIQ Department of Neurology, Services Hospital Lahore, Pakistan
A RANI Dow Medical College Karachi, Pakistan
N IQBAL Department of Internal Medicine, MD Health Center, Lahore, Pakistan

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.54112/bcsrj.v2024i1.871

Keywords:

Stroke, Hypertension, Diabetes Mellitus, Dyslipidemias, Ischemic Stroke

Abstract

The recent advances in stroke management have given rise to the so-called ‘precision’ strokes designed and tailored to meet the diverse challenges that are associated with this brain and vascular condition. Objectives: The main of the study is to find the precision approaches in stroke management, as well as recent advances, challenges, and innovations in acute and secondary prevention strategies. Methods: This retrospective study was conducted at Services Hospital Lahore from August 2022 to November 2023. Data were collected from 220 patients with stroke. Patient demographics, including age, sex, ethnicity, and relevant medical history, were meticulously extracted from electronic health records (EHR) or paper-based medical charts. Clinical characteristics were systematically recorded, such as stroke subtype, ischemic, hemorrhagic, or transient ischemic attack, presenting symptoms, time of symptom onset, and initial National Institutes of Health Stroke Scale (NIHSS) scores. Results: Data were collected from 220 patients. The mean age of the patients was 38.2±9.87 years. There were 55% male and 45% female patients. Among the stroke subtypes, ischemic stroke was the most common, comprising 70 cases, followed by hemorrhagic stroke with 30 cases, and cryptogenic stroke with 20 cases. Hypertension was the most common, affecting 60% of patients, followed by dyslipidemia at 40% and diabetes mellitus at 30%. Hypertension demonstrated a statistically significant association with both ischemic and hemorrhagic strokes, with prevalence rates of 55% and 75%, respectively (p<0.05). Conversely, diabetes mellitus, dyslipidemia, smoking, and genetic predispositions did not show significant differences between the two stroke types (p>0.05).Conclusion: It is concluded that the study highlights the multifaceted nature of stroke management, emphasising the importance of tailored interventions based on individualised risk profiles and clinical presentations.

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