Maternal and Fetal Outcomes in Preterm Premature Rupture of Membranes

Sheeba Umbreen; Shehla Noor; Mina Gul; Rubbia Rasheed

doi:10.54112/bcsrj.v6i5.2231

Authors

Sheeba Umbreen Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Ayub Teaching Hospital, Abbottabad, Pakistan
Shehla Noor Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Ayub Teaching Hospital, Abbottabad, Pakistan
Mina Gul Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Ayub Teaching Hospital, Abbottabad, Pakistan
Rubbia Rasheed Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Ayub Teaching Hospital, Abbottabad, Pakistan

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.54112/bcsrj.v6i5.2231

Keywords:

Preterm premature rupture of membranes, maternal outcome, fetal outcome, neonatal morbidity

Abstract

Preterm premature rupture of membranes is a major obstetric complication associated with substantial maternal and neonatal morbidity, particularly in resource-limited settings. Timely recognition and appropriate management may reduce infectious and prematurity-related complications. Objective: To determine the frequency of maternal and fetal outcomes in patients presenting with preterm premature rupture of membranes. Methods: This descriptive study was conducted in the Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Ayub Teaching Hospital, Abbottabad, over six months, from 21 September 2024 to 21 February 2025, after approval of the synopsis. A total of 139 women aged 18–40 years with singleton pregnancies, gestational age <37 weeks, and parity ≥1 presenting with preterm premature rupture of membranes were enrolled through non-probability consecutive sampling. Patients with antepartum hemorrhage, intrauterine fetal death, major fetal anomalies, chronic renal failure, pregnancy-induced hypertension, and substance use were excluded. Maternal outcomes included chorioamnionitis, wound infection, puerperal sepsis, endometritis, and placental abruption, while fetal outcomes included birth asphyxia, neonatal jaundice, respiratory distress syndrome, and neonatal sepsis. Data were analyzed using SPSS version 26. Descriptive statistics were computed as mean ± standard deviation for continuous variables and frequencies with percentages for categorical variables. Results: The mean age of the participants was 28.4 ± 5.1 years, and the mean gestational age was 31.8 ± 2.9 weeks. Among maternal outcomes, chorioamnionitis was observed in 10.8% of patients, puerperal sepsis in 7.9%, wound infection in 5.8%, endometritis in 5.0%, and placental abruption in 4.3%. Regarding neonatal outcomes, respiratory distress syndrome was the most frequent complication, occurring in 20.1% of neonates, followed by birth asphyxia in 16.5%, neonatal jaundice in 15.1%, and neonatal sepsis in 14.4% of cases. Conclusion: Preterm premature rupture of membranes was associated with considerable maternal and neonatal morbidity, with respiratory distress syndrome and chorioamnionitis being the most frequent fetal and maternal complications, respectively. Early diagnosis, close surveillance, and timely obstetric and neonatal management may help improve fetomaternal outcomes.

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