GENOMIC ASSISTED CROP BREEDING APPROACHES FOR DESIGNING FUTURE CROPS TO COMBAT FOOD PRODUCTION CHALLENGES

M BABAR; MS NAWAZ; AAA SHAHANI; MN KHALID; A LATIF; K KANWAL; M IJAZ; Z MAQSOOD; I AMJAD; A KHAN; NH KHAN; S SHAUKAT

doi:10.54112/bcsrj.v2022i1.143

Authors

M BABAR Centre of Excellence in Molecular Biology, University of the Punjab Lahore, Lahore, Pakistan
MS NAWAZ Vegetable Research Station Karor Laal Eason District Layyah, Pakistan
AAA SHAHANI Crop Sciences Plant Breeding and Genetics, College of Agriculture, Yanbian University, Yanji Jilin, China
MN KHALID Department of Plant Breeding and Genetics, University of Agriculture Faisalabad, Pakistan
A LATIF Vegetable Research Station Karor Laal Eason District Layyah, Pakistan
K KANWAL Department of Plant Breeding and Genetics, University of Agriculture Faisalabad, Pakistan
M IJAZ Department of Plant Breeding and Genetics, University of Agriculture Faisalabad, Pakistan
Z MAQSOOD Department of Plant Breeding and Genetics, University of Agriculture Faisalabad, Pakistan
I AMJAD Department of Plant Breeding and Genetics, University of Agriculture Faisalabad, Pakistan
A KHAN Maize and Millets Research Institute Yusafwala, Sahiwal, Pakistan
NH KHAN Department of Continuing Education, University of Agriculture Faisalabad, Pakistan
S SHAUKAT Department of Plant Breeding and Genetics, Lasbela University of Agriculture Water and Marine Sciences, Uthal, Pakistan

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.54112/bcsrj.v2022i1.143

Keywords:

plant breeding, selection, breeding methods, genomics

Abstract

Improvement of crop species has been a fundamental goal of mankind since the dawn of agriculture. The key to increasing agricultural productivity and improving other attributes has been plant breeding. The foundations of conventional breeding are the utilization of diversity, which occurs naturally in the form of land races and wild relatives, and the development of diverse selection and breeding techniques. Selection, which was the first strategy identified and is currently utilized by the majority of breeding programs, is the most fundamental aspect of plant breeding. There is a need to boost global food production in order to meet the rising demand of a growing population as a result of a growing human population and a changing environment, which have both heightened concerns about global food security. Conventional breeding methods are inadequate to supply this rising need. In the past few decades, numerous advancements in genetic engineering and molecular biology have led to the emergence of novel approaches that rely on phenotypic characterization. Now, the wide availability of molecular markers has facilitated the identification of variation sources and selection. Specifically, genomics played a crucial part in the revolution of plant breeding. Because genomics enabled the extended study of genotype and its relationship to phenotype for multigenic characteristics, allowing for a greater understanding of genotype and phenotype. In this overview, we will address conventional breeding methods and contemporary genomics techniques, and their function in crop improvement.

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