GENOMIC INSTABILITY IN ONION (ALLIUM CEPA L.) IRRIGATED WITH INDUSTRIAL WASTEWATER: A CYTOGENETIC STUDY

A AFZAL; SU REHMAN; G JAN; A HAKEEM; S ATTA; MK BUGTI; M TARIQ; M AKRAM

doi:10.54112/bcsrj.v2024i1.1210

Authors

A AFZAL Department of Botany, University of Education Lahore, Pakistan
SU REHMAN Agriculture Research Institute Quetta, Balochistan, Pakistan
G JAN Directorate of Agriculture Research Dates at Kech at Turbat, Balochistan, Pakistan
A HAKEEM Olive project PSDP, Balochistan, Pakistan
S ATTA On-Farm Water Management Agriculture and Cooperative Department, Quetta, Balochistan, Pakistan
MK BUGTI Soil and Water Testing Laboratory, Dera bugti, Balochistan, Pakistan
M TARIQ Directorate of Agriculture Research (Medicinal Plants) Kalat, Balochistan, Pakistan
M AKRAM PARC-National Sugar and Tropical Horticulture Research Institute, Thatta, Sindh, Pakistan

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.54112/bcsrj.v2024i1.1210

Keywords:

Heavy metals, toxicity, bridges, wastewater

Abstract

Wastewater negatively affects the production of plants. The impact can vary depending on the wastewater content and the sensitivity of the plant type. The purpose of the current study was to look at the hazardous effects of wastewater from the steel and rubber industries on onions (Allium cepa). Twenty-four pots were filled with soil. Three replicates are used in this study to investigate the impact on Allium cepa. To evaluate the level of toxicity of the rubber and steel industries' waste waters, three concentrations of each wastewater and a control were selected. The concentrations for rubber industry effluent were chosen: 80% (S1), 90% (S2), and 100% (S3) and for steel industry 80% (R1), 90% (R2), and 100% (R3). Wastewater treatment inhibited root development when compared to control. Genotoxic research at different intensities showed chromosomal abnormalities. As the concentrations increased, the mitotic index fell and chromosomal abnormalities grew. Chromosome bridges, nuclear budding, sticky and coagulated anaphase and metaphase, and other chromosome abnormalities were seen. Overall, it was shown that the application of wastewater from the steel sector and wastewater from the rubber business had a detrimental effect on plant growth. However, when compared to rubber industry wastewater, steel sector wastewater has a higher level of toxicity. Compared to rubber sector waste water, steel industry wastewater has a higher concentration of heavy metals.

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