ASSESSMENT OF WHEAT GENOTYPES FOR THEIR LOW NITROGEN USE EFFICIENCY UNDER SEMI-ARID CONDITIONS OF PUNJAB, PAKISTAN

MJ QAMAR; MA QAZI; M TARIQ; H JAWAD; MA SHABIR; M ARIF; MR FAROOQ; MN IQBAL; Z HAFEEZ; MA BASHIR; S JAMIL; F BASHIR; A RAUF; W  ILLAHI; MZK NAZAR; HM RAFIQUE; MA GHAFOOR; MI LATIF; MI YOUSAF; N RAZA

doi:10.54112/bcsrj.v2024i1.1195

Authors

MJ QAMAR Soil Fertility (Field), Bahawalpur, Pakistan
MA QAZI Soil Fertility Research Institute, Lahore, Punjab-Pakistan.
M TARIQ Department of Plant Breeding and Genetics, University of Agriculture, Faisalabad, Pakistan
H JAWAD Plant Physiology Section, Agronomic Research Institute, Faisalabad, Pakistan
MA SHABIR Cotton Research Sub-Station, Rajanpur, Pakistan
M ARIF Fodder Research Institute Sargodha, Pakistan
MR FAROOQ Soil Fertility (Field), Bahawalpur, Pakistan
MN IQBAL Soil Fertility Section, AARI, Faisalabad, Pakistan
Z HAFEEZ Oilseed Research Station, Bahawalpur, Punjab-Pakistan
MA BASHIR Department of Soil Science, Faculty of Agriculture and Environment, The Islamia University of Bahawalpur, Pakistan.
S JAMIL Soil and Water Testing Laboratory Bahawalnagar, Punjab, Pakistan
F BASHIR Soil and Water Testing Laboratory D.G. Khan, Punjab-Pakistan
A RAUF Senior Scientist (Field), Dera Ghazi Khan
W ILLAHI Scientific Officer (Lab.), Soil and Water Testing Lab, Rajanpur
MZK NAZAR Soil and Water Testing Laboratory, Bahawalnagar, Punjab-Pakistan
HM RAFIQUE Soil and Water Testing Laboratory for Research, Bahawalpur, Punjab-Pakistan
MA GHAFOOR Soil and Water Testing Laboratory for Research, Rahim Yar Khan, Punjab-Pakistan
MI LATIF Provincial Reference Fertilizer Testing Lab, Raiwind, Lahore, Punjab-Pakistan
MI YOUSAF Cotton Research Station, Bahawalpur, Pakistan
N RAZA Soil Fertility Section, AARI, Faisalabad, Pakistan

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.54112/bcsrj.v2024i1.1195

Keywords:

Wheat; Correlation; Bar Graph; Grain Yield; Plant Physiology, Fertilizers

Abstract

Nitrogen is one of the most important and critical macronutrients needed by plants for their optimal growth and development. The current experimental study was designed to examine the response of wheat variety Akbar-2019 under different nitrogen levels keeping the levels of phosphorus and potassium constant. The study was conducted in Chak No. 169/7.R Fort Abbas, District Bahawalnagar under the supervision of the Department of Soil Fertility (Field) during the crop year 2022-23. The experimental material was comprised of a wheat variety Akbar-2019 and five different treatments of nitrogen consisted of (i) N = 160 kg ha-1 (ii) N = 145 kg ha-1 (iii) N = 131 kg ha-1 (iv) N = 117 kg ha-1 and (v) N = 103 kg ha-1. The experiment was laid out under a randomized complete block design with three replications and 170 m² net plot size par treatment per replication. The results revealed the presence of highly significant variations among nitrogen treatments in wheat variety based on the agronomic and morpho-physiological parameters including flag leaf area, thousand-grain weight, grains per spike, relative water contents, stomatal conductance, net photosynthetic rate, biological yield and gain yield. Furthermore, the results also unveiled that treatments with higher nitrogen dosage produce better results for almost all the study parameters including grain yield. These results were also confirmed through correlation coefficient analysis and bar graph graphical representation based on mean data, where correlation coefficient analysis showed a strong positive correlation of grain yield with studied plant traits except biological yield for which the correlation was positive but non-significant. The results suggest that nitrogen in higher amounts up to a certain level is necessary for obtaining maximum output from wheat crops under semi-arid conditions.

Downloads

Download data is not yet available.

References

Shiferaw, B., M. Smale, H.-J. Braun, E. Duveiller, M. Reynolds and G. Muricho. 2013. Crops that feed the world 10. Past successes and future challenges to the role played by wheat in global food security. Food Security, 5 (3): 291-317.

de Sousa, T., M., Ribeiro, C., Sabença, and G. Igrejas. 2021. The 10,000-year success story of wheat!. Foods, 10(9): 2124.

Sharma, I., B. S., Tyagi, G., Singh, K., Venkatesh and O. P. Gupta. 2015. Enhancing wheat production - A global perspective. The Indian Journal of Agricultural Sciences, 85(1): 03-13.

Erenstein, O., M., Jaleta, K. A., Mottaleb, K., Sonder, J., Donovan and H. J. Braun. 2022. Global trends in wheat production, consumption and trade. In Wheat improvement: Food security in a changing climate (pp. 47-66). Cham: Springer International Publishing.

Raghuram, N., T., Aziz, S., Kant, J., Zhou and S. Schmidt. 2022. Nitrogen use efficiency and sustainable nitrogen management in crop plants. Frontiers in Plant Science, 13, 862091.

Diacono, M., P., Rubino and F., Montemurro. 2013. Precision nitrogen management of wheat. A review. Agronomy for Sustainable Development, 33, 219-241.

Ortolan, F. and C.J. Steel. 2017. Protein characteristics that affect the quality of vital wheat gluten to be used in baking: A review. Comprehensive Reviews in Food Science and Food Safety, 16(3): 369-381.

Luo, C., Z., Guo, J., Xiao, K., Dong and Y. Dong. 2021. Effects of applied ratio of nitrogen on the light environment in the canopy and growth, development and yield of wheat when intercropped. Frontiers in Plant Science, 12, 719850.

Zörb, C., U., Ludewig and M. J., Hawkesford. 2018. Perspective on wheat yield and quality with reduced nitrogen supply. Trends in plant science, 23(11): 1029-1037.

Soares, J. C., C. S., Santos, S. M., Carvalho, M. M., Pintado and M. W., Vasconcelos. 2019. Preserving the nutritional quality of crop plants under a changing climate: importance and strategies. Plant and Soil, 443: 1-26.

Jones, B. R. (2005). Predicting the grain protein concentration of wheat from non-destructive measurements of the crop at anthesis. University of Melbourne, School of Agriculture and Food Systems, Faculty of Land and Food Resources.

Kong, L., F., Wang, L., López-bellido, J. M., Garcia-mina and J. Si. 2013. Agronomic improvements through the genetic and physiological regulation of nitrogen uptake in wheat (Triticum aestivum L.). Plant biotechnology reports, 7: 129-139.

Kaur, G., B., Asthir and N. S. Bains. 2015. Nitrogen levels effect on wheat nitrogen use efficiency and yield under field conditions. African Journal of Agricultural Research, 10(23): 2372-2377.

Oral, E. 2018. Effect of nitrogen fertilization levels on grain yield and yield components in triticale based on AMMI and GGE biplot analysis. Applied Ecology & Environmental Research, 16(4).

Zhang, Y., J., Wang, S., Gong, D., Xu and J. Sui. 2017. Nitrogen fertigation effect on photosynthesis, grain yield and water use efficiency of winter wheat. Agricultural Water Management, 179, 277-287.

Fan, X., F., Li, F., Liu and D., Kumar. 2004. Fertilization with a new type of coated urea: Evaluation for nitrogen efficiency and yield in winter wheat. Journal of plant nutrition, 27(5): 853-865.

Guo, C., X., Yuan, F., Yan, K., Xiang, Y., Wu, Q., Zhang, ... & J. Ma. 2022. Nitrogen application rate affects the accumulation of carbohydrates in functional leaves and grains to improve grain filling and reduce the occurrence of chalkiness. Frontiers in Plant Science, 13, 921130.

Yue, K., L., Li, J., Xie, Y., Liu, J., Xie, S., Anwar and S. K. Fudjoe. 2022. Nitrogen supply affects yield and grain filling of maize by regulating starch metabolizing enzyme activities and endogenous hormone contents. Frontiers in Plant Science, 12: 798119.

Zhou, B., M. D., Serret, J. B., Pie, S. S., Shah and Z. Li. 2018. Relative contribution of nitrogen absorption, remobilization, and partitioning to the ear during grain filling in Chinese winter wheat. Frontiers in Plant Science, 9, 1351.

Wei, J., Yu, Q., Ding, J., Li, C., Zhu, X., Guo, W., & Zhu, M. (2022). Physiological and agronomic mechanisms involved in ‘Source–Sink relationship in the high-yield population of Weak-Gluten Wheat. Agronomy, 13(1), 91.

Burkholder, P. R. 1936. The role of light in the life of plants. I. Light and physiological processes. The Botanical Review, 1-52.

Walter, J., and J. Kromdijk. 2022. Here comes the sun: How optimization of photosynthetic light reactions can boost crop yields. Journal of Integrative Plant Biology, 64(2), 564-591.

Givnish, T. J. 1988. Adaptation to sun and shade: a whole-plant perspective. Functional Plant Biology, 15(2), 63-92.

Richards, R. A. (2000). Selectable traits to increase crop photosynthesis and yield of grain crops. Journal of experimental botany, 51(suppl_1), 447-458.

Morales, F., M., Ancín, D., Fakhet, J., González-Torralba, A. L., Gámez, A., Seminario,... and I. Aranjuelo. 2020. Photosynthetic metabolism under stressful growth conditions as a bases for crop breeding and yield improvement. Plants, 9(1), 88.

Driever, S. M., T., Lawson, P. J., Andralojc, C. A., Raines and M. A. J. Parry. 2014. Natural variation in photosynthetic capacity, growth, and yield in 64 field-grown wheat genotypes. Journal of experimental botany, 65(17): 4959-4973.

Tripathi, S. N., S., Marker, P., Pandey, K. K., Jaiswal & D. K. Tiwari. 2011. Relationship between some morphological and physiological traits with grain yield in bread wheat (Triticum aestivum L. em. Thell.). Trends in Applied Sciences Research, 6(9): 1037.

Li, Y., F., Tao, Y., Hao, J., Tong, Y., Xiao, Z., He and M. Reynolds. 2023. Variations in phenological, physiological, plant architectural and yield-related traits, their associations with grain yield and genetic basis. Annals of Botany, 131(3): 503-519.

Pennacchi, J. P., E., Carmo-Silva, P. J., Andralojc, D., Feuerhelm, S. J., Powers and M. A. Parry. 2018. Dissecting wheat grain yield drivers in a mapping population in the UK. Agronomy, 8(6), 94.

Vicente, R., O., Vergara-Díaz, S., Medina, F., Chairi, S. C., Kefauver, J., Bort,... and J. L. Araus. 2018. Durum wheat ears perform better than the flag leaves under water stress: gene expression and physiological evidence. Environmental and Experimental Botany, 153: 271-285.

Jańczak-Pieniążek, M. (2023). The influence of cropping systems on photosynthesis, yield, and grain quality of selected winter triticale cultivars. Sustainability, 15(14), 11075.

Farhad, M., U., Kumar, V., Tomar, P. K., Bhati, J, N., V., Krishnan Barek, ... and A. Hossain. 2023. Heat stress in wheat: a global challenge to feed billions in the current era of the changing climate. Frontiers in Sustainable Food Systems, 7: 1203721.

Steel, R.G.D., J.H. Torrie and D.A. Dickey. 1997. Principles and Procedures of Statistics: A Biometrical Approach, 3rd Ed. McGraw Hill Book Co., New York.

Dewey, D. R. and K. Lu. 1959. A correlation and path-coefficient analysis of components of crested wheatgrass seed production. Agronomy Journal, 51: 515-518.

Yousaf, M. I., K. Hussain, S. Hussain, A. Ghani, M.H. Bhatti, A. Mumtaz, M.U. Khalid, A. Mehboob, G. Murtaza and M. Akram. 2022. Characterization of maize (Zea Mays L.) hybrids for physiological attributes and grain quality traits under heat stress. Iranian Journal of Plant Physiology 12: 4075- 4087.

Yousaf, M. I., M.H. Bhatti, M.A. Maqbool, A. Ghani, M. Akram, I. Ibrar, A. Khan, R.A.H. Khan, S.A. Kohli, M.A.B. Saddiq and M.U. Khalid. 2021. Heat stress-induced responses in local and exotic maize hybrids for morphophysiological and grain quality traits. Pakistan J. Agric. Sci. 58: 1511– 1521. doi: 10.21162/PAKJAS/21.424

Ghani, A., M.I. Yousaf, K. Hussain, S. Hussain, A. Razaq, N. Akhtar, I. Ibrar, N. Kamal, B. Ali, A.M. Khan, S.W.H. Shah, S. Khanum and R.M. Hassan. 2023. Relationship between high-temperature stress and key physio-chemical, reactive oxygen species and antioxidants in spring maize hybrids under semi-arid conditions. Biol. Clin. Sci. Res. J.: 199.