INTELLECTUAL DISABILITY CLASSIFICATION, CAUSES, EPIGENETIC MECHANISMS AND TREATMENT

R ANJUM; AU REHMAN; H MAQSOOD; U ILYAS; M NIAZ; . ROHAIL; S MOHSIN; H JURRAT; S ANJUM; I MUNAWAR; M HAMID; MZ ZAFAR

doi:10.54112/bcsrj.v2023i1.245

Authors

R ANJUM Department of Zoology, Government College University, Lahore, Pakistan
AU REHMAN Faisalabad Medical University, Allied Hospital Faisalabad, Pakistan
H MAQSOOD Faisalabad Medical University, Allied Hospital Faisalabad, Pakistan
U ILYAS Faisalabad Medical University, Allied Hospital Faisalabad, Pakistan
M NIAZ Department of Zoology, Wildlife and Fisheries, University of Agriculture, Faisalabad, Pakistan
. ROHAIL Department of Zoology, Riphah International University, Faisalabad Campus, Pakistan
S MOHSIN Department of Zoology, Government College University, Lahore, Pakistan
H JURRAT Department of Zoology, Government College University, Lahore, Pakistan
S ANJUM Shaukat Khanum Memorial Cancer Hospital & Research Centre, Pakistan
I MUNAWAR Department of Zoology, Riphah International University, Faisalabad Campus, Pakistan
M HAMID Registrar, Family Physician, King Saud University Medical City, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
MZ ZAFAR Faisalabad Medical University, Allied Hospital Faisalabad, Pakistan

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.54112/bcsrj.v2023i1.245

Keywords:

Epigenetic, Intellectual disability, Malformation syndrome

Abstract

Intellectual disability (ID) is a condition characterized by defective adaptive and cognitive attitude that can occur with various mental disorders, such as attention deficit/hyperactivity and autism spectrum disorder. It may also be associated with malformation syndromes affecting other organs. Genetic studies have linked several chromatin-modifying enzymes and epigenetic regulators to ID disorders (IDDs). This review explores how dysfunction in histone modifiers, chromatin remodelers, and methyl-DNA binding proteins can cause neurodevelopmental deformities and alter brain plasticity. The use of mouse models generated through human genetics has allowed researchers to uncover the molecular basis of ID and explore potential therapeutic strategies. Understanding the chromatin regulators associated with IDDs has broader implications for treating other IDDs, as they target common downstream genes and cellular functions. Investigating these disorders can also shed light on the function of chromatin regulators in brain growth, plasticity, and gene regulation, leading to new insights into fundamental questions in neurobiology.

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