Effectiveness of Structured Diabetes Education Programs in Improving HbA1c and Treatment Adherence Among Newly Diagnosed Patients in Pakistan

Khizer Iqbal  Mufti; Noor Ul  Ain; Namra  Nadeem; Ibtahaj Mohsin  Iqbal; Ibtesam  Shaukat

doi:10.54112/bcsrj.v6i5.1751

Authors

Khizer Iqbal Mufti CMH LMC & IOD Lahore, Pakistan
Noor Ul Ain Quaid-e-Azam Medical College (QAMC), Bahawalpur, Pakistan
Namra Nadeem Ghurki Teaching Trust Hospital, Lahore, Pakistan
Ibtahaj Mohsin Iqbal Farooq Hospital West Wood Colony, Thokar Niaz Baig, Lahore, Pakistan
Ibtesam Shaukat CMH Abbottabad, Pakistan

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.54112/bcsrj.v6i5.1751

Keywords:

Diabetes Education, HBA1C, Treatment Adherence, Pakistan, Type 2 Diabetes, DSME

Abstract

Diabetes mellitus is a major public health challenge in Pakistan, with poor glycemic control and suboptimal treatment adherence contributing to high morbidity. Structured diabetes self-management education (DSME) programs have demonstrated significant benefits globally but remain underutilized in the Pakistani healthcare system. Objective: To evaluate the effectiveness of a structured diabetes education program on HbA1c reduction and treatment adherence among newly diagnosed type 2 diabetes patients in a tertiary care setting in Pakistan. Methods: A quasi-experimental study was conducted at a tertiary care hospital from April to September 2024. A total of 86 newly diagnosed type 2 diabetes patients were divided into two groups: the intervention group received a structured education program (4 sessions over 4 weeks), and the control group received routine care. HbA1c levels and medication adherence (assessed by MMAS-8) were recorded at baseline and 12 weeks post-intervention. Data were analyzed using paired and independent sample t-tests. Results: Participants in the intervention group showed a significant reduction in HbA1c (mean change: –1.6%, p < 0.001) compared to the control group (mean change: –0.3%, p = 0.084). Treatment adherence improved markedly in the intervention group (+2.3 points, p < 0.001) versus minimal change in the control group (+0.5 points, p = 0.067). Patient satisfaction and perceived knowledge also significantly improved in the intervention group (p < 0.001). Conclusion: Structured diabetes education significantly improves glycemic control and medication adherence in newly diagnosed patients. Integration of such programs into routine care is essential to address the diabetes epidemic in Pakistan.

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