A REVIEW: EXPLORING GENETIC VARIATION AND REGULATORY NETWORKS IN WHEAT HEAT STRESS TOLERANCE

I ULLAH; HN MAJEED; R BATOOL; S FAROOQ; R GULAB; SU HABIBA

doi:10.54112/bcsrj.v2024i1.1342

Authors

I ULLAH Department of Plant Breeding and Genetics, MNS-University of Agriculture Multan Pakistan
HN MAJEED Department of Botany, University of Agriculture Faisalabad, Pakistan
R BATOOL Department of Plant Sciences, Quaid-i-Azam University Islamabad, Pakistan
S FAROOQ Department of Plant Breeding and Genetics, University of Agriculture, Faisalabad, Pakistan
R GULAB Department of Botany, University of Peshawar, Pakistan
SU HABIBA Department of Biotechnology, University of Karachi Pakistan

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.54112/bcsrj.v2024i1.1342

Keywords:

CRISPR/Cas9 gene editing, Genome-wide association studies (GWAS), Heat stress, Omics approaches, Wheat resilience

Abstract

Wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) is a staple crop vital to global food security, yet rising global temperatures increasingly threaten its productivity. Heat stress (HS), particularly during critical growth phases like anthesis, disrupts physiological and biochemical processes, reducing yields and grain quality. This review explores the genetic variation and regulatory mechanisms that underpin wheat’s resilience to heat stress. Advanced breeding techniques, such as genome-wide association studies (GWAS), quantitative trait loci (QTL) mapping, and next-generation sequencing, have identified key genetic factors contributing to heat tolerance. Novel biotechnological strategies, including CRISPR/Cas9 gene editing, have shown promise in introducing heat-tolerant traits by targeting specific genes. Additionally, omics approaches encompassing transcriptomics, proteomics, and metabolomics offer deeper insights into stress-responsive pathways. With machine learning and artificial intelligence integration, wheat breeding is poised to become more efficient, accelerating the development of cultivars capable of withstanding heat stress. These advancements are essential to ensure sustainable wheat production amidst the challenges of climate change.

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