DETECTION OF blaCTX-M AND blaSHV GENES OF EXTENDED SPECTRUM BETA LACTAMASE PRODUCING Klebsiella pneumoniae

S ZAHOOR; S SAGHEER; R ANWAR; S MAHMOOD; M PARA; I TABASSUM; VA MUGHAL

doi:10.54112/bcsrj.v2024i1.917

Authors

S ZAHOOR Lahore College for Women University, Lahore, Pakistan
S SAGHEER Lahore College for Women University, Lahore, Pakistan
R ANWAR Department Of Physics, University: Government College Women University Sialkot, Pakistan
S MAHMOOD Institute Of Microbiology, Government College University Faisalabad 38000, Pakistan
M PARA Department Of Zoology, Lahore College for Women University, Lahore, Pakistan
I TABASSUM Lahore College for Women University, Lahore, Pakistan
VA MUGHAL Department Of Microbiology, University: Quaid-I-Azam, Islamabad, Pakistan

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.54112/bcsrj.v2024i1.917

Keywords:

Antimicrobial Resistance, Beta-Lactamase, ESBL, Klebsiella Pneumoniae, Blactx-M, Blashv, Zinc Oxide Nanoparticles, Calotropis Procera, PCR, Synergistic Effect

Abstract

Antimicrobial resistance poses a significant challenge in many hospitals, increasing infection morbidity and mortality. It is a global issue with far-reaching implications for human and animal health, the environment, agriculture, and the economy. The ineffective use of antibiotics in treating infectious diseases is a significant driver of antimicrobial resistance, which can be either innate or acquired.Objective: This study aimed to detect the presence of blaCTX-M and blaSHV genes in extended-spectrum beta-lactamase (ESBL) producing Klebsiella pneumoniae and to evaluate the antibacterial activity of zinc oxide (ZnO) nanoparticles synthesised using Calotropis procera extract. Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted at Lahore College for Women University, Lahore, from January to December 2023. A total of 20 clinical isolates of Klebsiella pneumoniae were collected and identified using standard microbiological techniques. The presence of ESBL-producing strains was detected using the double disc synergy test. Polymerase chain reaction (PCR) was used to detect blaCTX-M and blaSHV genes. ZnO nanoparticles were synthesised using Calotropis procera extract and tested for antibacterial activity against ESBL-producing strains at different concentrations (20 mg/ml, 25 mg/ml, 30 mg/ml, and 35 mg/ml). The antibacterial activity was evaluated using the disc diffusion method, and data were analysed using SPSS version 23.0. Results: Of 20 clinical isolates, 15 (75%) were ESBL positive, and 5 (25%) were ESBL negative. PCR results showed that 80% of the ESBL-producing strains contained the blaCTX-M gene, and 83% included the blaSHV gene. The antibacterial activity of ZnO nanoparticles was concentration-dependent, with the highest inhibitory zones observed at a concentration of 35 mg/ml. The synergistic effect of ZnO nanoparticles with cefotaxime and ceftriaxone significantly increased the antibacterial activity against ESBL-producing strains. Conclusion: The study highlights the significant presence of blaCTX-M and blaSHV genes in ESBL-producing Klebsiella pneumoniae. The green synthesis of ZnO nanoparticles using Calotropis procera extract demonstrated enhanced antibacterial activity, especially when combined with beta-lactam antibiotics. These findings suggest that ZnO nanoparticles could be an alternative strategy to combat antimicrobial resistance.

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