Frequency of Prediabetes in Patients With High BMI Presenting to a Tertiary Care Hospital

. Shehzad; . Kalimullah; Abdul  Hanan; . Yasir; . Fawadullah

doi:10.54112/bcsrj.v6i3.1627

Authors

. Shehzad Department of Medicine, QHAMC Nowshera, Pakistan
. Kalimullah Department of Medicine, QHAMC Nowshera, Pakistan
Abdul Hanan Department of Medicine, NMC Nowshehra, Pakistan
. Yasir Department of Medicine, QHAMC Nowshera, Pakistan
. Fawadullah Department of Medicine, QHAMC Nowshera, Pakistan

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.54112/bcsrj.v6i3.1627

Keywords:

Frequency; Prediabetes; Body mass index

Abstract

Prediabetes is characterized by elevated blood sugar levels but not yet diabetes. Preventive interventions are crucial to prevent the progression to full-blown diabetes. Objective: This study aimed to determine the Frequency of prediabetes in patients with high BMI presenting to a tertiary care hospital. Method: The current cross-sectional study was conducted at the Department of Medicine, Qazi Hussain Medical Complex, Nowshera, over 6 months (July to December 2024) after taking permission from the ethical board of the institute. A total of 126 individuals with high BMI (body mass index 25 ≥ kg/m2) of both genders and different age groups (18-85 years) were included. Demographic data, including BMI, gender, age, education, employment, residence, and socioeconomic position, were collected. A history of hypertension and smoking was also reported. Participants with a high BMI were tested for pre-diabetes using Fasting Plasma Glucose (FPG) or Hemoglobin A1c (HbA1c) evaluations. Data was analyzed through SPSS version 25. The post-stratification chi-square or Fisher's exact test was applied to determine the significance. Results: A total of 126 individuals were screened in this study, out of which 20(15.8%) were found to be pre diabetes. Of the prediabetes individuals, 13 (65%) were males and 7(45%) were females. In this study, 75% of individuals had a family history of diabetes, one of the prediabetes risk factors. Most research participants (50%) come from lower-income families and live in rural regions (75%). A history of hypertension was observed in 85% of the individuals, and smoking in 70% of the participants. The majority (90%) were overweight, while 10% were obese. The Chi-Square test results showed values of 0.03, showing a strong association between prediabetes and body mass index (p-value <0.05). Conclusion: The present study concluded that the Frequency of prediabetes was 15.8% in patients with high BMI 15.8%. A significant association exists between prediabetes and BMI (Chi square = 0.31, p-value < 0.05).

Downloads

Download data is not yet available.

References

Khetan AK, Rajagopalan S. Prediabetes. Canadian Journal of Cardiology. 2018;34(5):615-23.

Echouffo-Tcheugui JB, Perreault L, Ji L, Dagogo-Jack S. Diagnosis and management of prediabetes: a review. Jama. 2023;329(14):1206-16.

Adler A, Bennett P, Chair SC, Gregg E, Narayan KV, Schmidt MI, et al. WITHDRAWN: Reprint of: Classification of diabetes mellitus. Elsevier; 2021.

Nolan CJ, Prentki M. Insulin resistance and insulin hypersecretion in the metabolic syndrome and type 2 diabetes: Time for a conceptual framework shift. Diabetes and Vascular Disease Research. 2019;16(2):118-27.

Speight J, Holmes‐Truscott E, Hendrieckx C, Skovlund S, Cooke D. Assessing the impact of diabetes on quality of life: what have the past 25 years taught us? Diabetic Medicine. 2020;37(3):483-92.

Patel MR, Tolentino DA, Smith A, Heisler M. Economic burden, financial stress, and cost-related coping among people with uncontrolled diabetes in the US. Preventive Medicine Reports. 2023;34:102246.

de Boer IH, Khunti K, Sadusky T, Tuttle KR, Neumiller JJ, Rhee CM, et al. Diabetes management in chronic kidney disease: a consensus report by the American Diabetes Association (ADA) and Kidney Disease: Improving Global Outcomes (KDIGO). Diabetes care. 2022;45(12):3075-90.

Cleven L, Krell-Roesch J, Nigg CR, Woll A. The association between physical activity with incident obesity, coronary heart disease, diabetes and hypertension in adults: a systematic review of longitudinal studies published after 2012. BMC public health. 2020;20:1-15.

Bhatti KA, Riaz M, Askari S, Basit A. Frequency of Cardiometabolic Risk Factors Among Young People with Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus at Tertiary Care Unit Karachi, Pakistan. Pakistan Armed Forces Medical Journal. 2023;73(5):1353-9.

Hadi NK, Aamir MS, Ghaffar T, Khan S, ul Islam S, Khan S, et al. Prevalence of Impaired Glucose Tolerance/Prediabetes in Local Adult Obese Population Presenting to A Tertiary Care Hospital: IGT in Local Adult Obese Population. Pakistan Journal of Health Sciences. 2023:84-8.

Javid Ahmad JA, Masoodi M, Mohd Ashraf MA, Rauf Rashid RR, Rafiq Ahmad RA, Ashfaq Ahmad AA, et al. Prevalence of diabetes mellitus and its associated risk factors in age group of 20 years and above in Kashmir, India. 2011.

Jose J, Thomas N. How should one tackle prediabetes in India? Indian Journal of Medical Research. 2018;148(6):675-6.

Al-Shafaee MA, Bhargava K, Al-Farsi YM, Mcilvenny S, Al-Mandhari A, Al-Adawi S, et al. Prevalence of pre-diabetes and associated risk factors in an adult Omani population. International Journal of Diabetes in Developing Countries. 2011;31:166-73.

Indonesia PE. Pengelolaan dan pencegahan diabetes melitus tipe 2 di Indonesia. Pb Perkeni. 2015;6.

Vittal B, Praveen G, Deepak P. A study of body mass index in healthy individuals and its relationship with Fasting blood sugar. Journal of clinical and Diagnostic research. 2010;4(6):3421-4.

Amir SM, Wungouw H, Pangemanan D. Kadar glukosa darah sewaktu pada pasien diabetes melitus tipe 2 di Puskesmas Bahu kota Manado. eBiomedik. 2015;3(1).

Suyono S. Patofisiologi Diabetes Melitus, dalam Buku Penatalaksanaan Diabetes Melitus Terpadu (Panduan Penatalaksanaan Diabetes Melitus bagi Dokter dan Edukator). Edisi ke-2, Cetakan ke-7 Jakarta: Balai Penerbit FKUI. 2009.

Cole JB, Florez JC. Genetics of diabetes mellitus and diabetes complications. Nature reviews nephrology. 2020;16(7):377-90.

Suyono S. Patofisiologi diabetes melitus. Dalam penatalaksanaan Diabetes Melitus Terpadu Jakarta: Balai Penerbit FKU. 2007.

Sitorus J, Jafar N, Amiruddin R, Palutturi S, Hadju V. The Relationship between Prediabetes and Body Mass Index of Outpatients at Dr. Dody Harjoto Hospital at Maros Regency, South Sulawesi, Indonesia. Indian Journal of Forensic Medicine & Toxicology. 2020;14(4).