Frequency of Vitamin B12 Deficiency Amongst Patients Presenting With Helicobacter pylori Gastritis
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.54112/bcsrj.v6i5.2272Keywords:
Helicobacter pylori, vitamin B12 deficiency, gastritis, epigastric painAbstract
Helicobacter pylori gastritis is a common gastrointestinal infection and may contribute to impaired micronutrient absorption. Vitamin B12 deficiency can lead to hematological and neurological complications if not identified early. Objective: To determine the frequency of vitamin B12 deficiency among patients presenting with helicobacter pylori gastritis at MTI Bacha Khan Medical Complex Swabi. Methods: The current study enrolled 174 patients aged 18 to 65 years of either gender who were diagnosed with H. pylori gastritis from 03-June-2024 to 03-December-2024. Diagnosis was made by a positive stool antigen test along with clinical symptoms. Patients with gastric adenocarcinoma or lymphoma, previous gastrectomy, and pregnancy or lactation were excluded. Patients were assessed for Vitamin B12 deficiency, which was defined as a serum level < 200 pg/mL confirmed by laboratory blood testing. Data were analysed using SPSS version 25. Chi square or Fisher’s exact test was used for stratifications and p value ≤ 0.05 was considered statistically significant. Results: The mean age was 174 patients was 41.56±14.41 years and mean body mass index was 24.85±2.03 kg/m2. There were 94 (54.0%) male patients. The frequency of vitamin B12 deficiency was 34.5% (n = 60). Mean serum vitamin B12 level was 228.44±33.72 pg/mL. Stratification analysis was performed and no significant associations were observed for vitamin B12 deficiency with comorbidities and various demographics, expect for rural residence (p = 0.008). Conclusion: The frequency of vitamin B12 deficiency among patients presenting with helicobacter pylori gastritis in this study was 60 (34.5%). Routine screening for vitamin B12 deficiency should be considered in patients with H.pylori infection.
Downloads
References
1. Crowe SE. Helicobacter pylori infection. N Engl J Med. 2019;380(12):1158-1165. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1056/NEJMcp1710945
2. Malfertheiner P, Camargo MC, El-Omar E, Liou JM, Peek R, Schulz C, et al. Helicobacter pylori infection. Nat Rev Dis Primers. 2023;9(1):19. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1038/s41572-023-00431-8
3. Kasmi H, Doukani K, Ali A, Tabak S, Bouhenni H. Epidemiological profile of Helicobacter pylori infection in patients with digestive symptoms in Algeria. J Epidemiol Glob Health. 2020;10(4):293-297. DOI: https://doi.org/10.2991/jegh.k.200527.001
4. Babior BM, Bunn HF. Megaloblastic anemias. In: Kasper DL, Braunwald E, Fauci AS, Hauser SL, Longo DL, Jameson JL, editors. Harrison’s Principles of Internal Medicine. 16th ed. New York: McGraw-Hill; 2005. p. 601-607.
5. El Gayar NH, Awad AK, El Mesky MM, Deghady AA. Effect of Helicobacter pylori infection on nutrition, metabolism, cognition, and serum vitamin B12 in the elderly. NILES J Geriatr Gerontol. 2022;5(2):234-248. DOI: https://doi.org/10.21608/niles.2022.108632.1062
6. Kadhim G, Shikh M, Omar H, Ismail A. Vitamin B12 deficiency in Helicobacter pylori infected patients. Open Access Libr J. 2018;5:1-4. DOI: https://doi.org/10.4236/oalib.1104172
7. Esposito G, Dottori L, Pivetta G, Ligato I, Dilaghi E, Lahner E. Pernicious anemia: the hematological presentation of a multifaceted disorder caused by cobalamin deficiency. Nutrients. 2022;14(8):1672. DOI: https://doi.org/10.3390/nu14081672
8. Yang GT, Zhao HY, Kong Y, Sun NN, Dong AQ. Correlation between serum vitamin B12 level and peripheral neuropathy in atrophic gastritis. World J Gastroenterol. 2018;24(12):1343-1352. DOI: https://doi.org/10.3748/wjg.v24.i12.1343
9. Makhmonov LS, Mamatkulova FK, Berdiyarova MB, Shomurodov KE. The main causes of anemia in iron and vitamin B12 deficiency associated with Helicobacter pylori. Nat Volatiles Essent Oils. 2021;8(5):10167-10174.
10. Markun S, Gravestock I, Jäger L, Rosemann T, Pichierri G, Burgstaller JM. Effects of vitamin B12 supplementation on cognitive function, depressive symptoms, and fatigue: a systematic review, meta-analysis, and meta-regression. Nutrients. 2021;13(3):923. DOI: https://doi.org/10.3390/nu13030923
11. Al-Musharaf S, Aljuraiban GS, Hussain SD, Alnaami AM, Saravanan P, Al-Daghri N. Low serum vitamin B12 levels are associated with adverse lipid profiles in apparently healthy young Saudi women. Nutrients. 2020;12(8):2395. DOI: https://doi.org/10.3390/nu12082395
12. Nizami MMA, Mirza SA, Khan FA. Frequency of vitamin B12 deficiency in patients with Helicobacter pylori gastritis. Pak Armed Forces Med J. 2012;62(2):203-205.
13. Haq MFU, Shah SAA, Iqbal S, Baig WS, Rehman JU, Bano MS. Frequency of vitamin B12 deficiency in H. pylori-infected individuals presenting to tertiary care hospital, Wah Cantt. Esculapio. 2026;22(1):61-65. DOI: https://doi.org/10.51273/esculap.v22i01.1374
14. Ali UA, Abbasi W, Huda NU. Vitamin B12 deficiency among cases of Helicobacter pylori gastritis: a cross-sectional study. J Health Rehabil Res. 2024;4(2):553-556. DOI: https://doi.org/10.61919/jhrr.v4i2.907
15. Tükel N, Aliustaoğlu M. The frequency of vitamin B12 deficiency in patients with Helicobacter pylori infection and the relationship between Helicobacter pylori and vitamin B12 deficiency. EJMA. 2024;4(2):85-89. DOI: https://doi.org/10.14744/ejma.2024.40085
16. Ayesh MH, Jadalah K, Al Awadi E, Alawneh K, Khassawneh B. Association between vitamin B12 level and anti-parietal cells and anti-intrinsic factor antibodies among adult Jordanian patients with Helicobacter pylori infection. Braz J Infect Dis. 2013;17(6):629-632. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.bjid.2013.01.009
17. Anaya-Loyola MA, Brito A, Vergara-Castañeda H, Sosa C, Rosado JL, Allen LH. Low serum B12 concentrations are associated with low B12 dietary intake but not with Helicobacter pylori infection or abnormal gastric function in rural Mexican women. Nutrients. 2019;11(12):2922. DOI: https://doi.org/10.3390/nu11122922
Downloads
Published
How to Cite
License
Copyright (c) 2025 Muhammad Khan, Shams Ur Rehman
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial 4.0 International License.
