Comparison of Maternal and Perinatal Complications in Preterm and Term Preeclampsia

Faryal Khan; Farnaz Zahoor; Sidra Hassan Khel; Humaira Gul

doi:10.54112/bcsrj.v6i5.2221

Authors

Faryal Khan Department of Obstetrics & Gynaecology, Lady Reading Hospital, Peshawar, Pakistan
Farnaz Zahoor Department of Obstetrics & Gynaecology, Lady Reading Hospital, Peshawar, Pakistan
Sidra Hassan Khel Department of Obstetrics & Gynaecology, Lady Reading Hospital, Peshawar, Pakistan
Humaira Gul Department of Obstetrics & Gynaecology, Hayatabad Medical Complex, Peshawar, Pakistan

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.54112/bcsrj.v6i5.2221

Keywords:

Preterm birth, perinatal outcome, neonatal morbidity, gestational diabetes, respiratory distress syndrome

Abstract

Preterm birth remains a major contributor to adverse maternal and neonatal outcomes, particularly in low- and middle-income settings. Comparative local data on maternal and perinatal complications in preterm versus term pregnancies may help guide risk stratification and perinatal care. Objective: To compare maternal and perinatal complications in preterm and term preeclampsia. Methodology: The present study was conducted on 120 pregnant women with preeclampsia aged 18 to 40 years from September 14, 2024, to March 14, 2025. Women with multiple pregnancies, major fetal anomalies, or incomplete records were not included. Patients were divided equally into two groups; group A had women with preterm pregnancies with preeclampsia, while group B had women with term pregnancies with preeclampsia. Maternal and perinatal complications were assessed in these women, which included maternal complications like c-section, gestational diabetes, and anaemia, while perinatal complications included low birth weight, neonatal intensive care unit (NICU) admission, respiratory distress syndrome (RDS), and neonatal jaundice. SPSS 27 was used for data analysis. Results: In the present study, the mean maternal age was 26.30±5.469 years in the preterm group and 27.67±6.422 years in the term group. Gestational diabetes was more frequent in the preterm group 13.3% while 3.3% in the term group (p = 0.04). Caesarean section was performed in 28.3% patients in the preterm group, and 11.7% in term deliveries (p = 0.02). Admission to the NICU was required for 33.3% infants in the preterm group, and 16.7% in the term group (p = 0.03). Respiratory distress syndrome occurred in 18.3% infants in the preterm group and 5.0% in term neonates (p = 0.02). Low birth weight was more frequent in preterm infants 26.7% compared to 11.7% in the term group (p = 0.03). Neonatal jaundice was diagnosed in 16.7% neonates in the preterm group and 3.3% (n=2) in term newborns (p = 0.01). Conclusion: Women with preterm pregnancy were at a higher risk of maternal complications such as gestational diabetes, caesarean section, and perinatal complications such as NICU admission, respiratory distress syndrome, low birth weight, and neonatal jaundice.

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